Hypospadias: Types, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention

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Hypospadias

What is Hypospadias?Hypospadias is a birth defect in men where the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis instead of at the tip. The urethra is the tube that drains out the urine from the bladder.Hypospadias is common and harmless. It doesn’t create any difficulty for your infant. Usually, surgery is undertaken to restore the normal appearance of the child’s penis. After a successful surgery, most males can lead a normal life with normal urination and reproduction.There are usually three Hypospadias types, these include:

Subcoronal – When the urethra opening is near the head of the penis
Midshaft – when the urethra opening is along the shaft of the penis
Penoscrotal – When the urethral opening is on the scrotum or where the scrotum and penis meet

Hypospadias symptomsHypospadias symptoms vary from individual to individual depending upon the positioning of the urethra opening. Normally, the urethra opening is within the head of the penis, but in Hypospadias the opening is below the head or in some cases, it is beneath the scrotum. Some of the common signs and symptoms of Hypospadias include:

Urethra opening at a location other than the head of the penis
The curve of the penis is downward
Abnormal urination spraying
The hooded appearance of the penis

Who is at Risk?As Hypospadias is a birth defect, the Hypospadias risk factors vary from individual to individual. Sometimes the risk factors are associated with certain conditions. Certain red flags for when an individual might be at risk are:

More common in infants with a family history of Hypospadias
Certain gene variations play a role in the disruption of hormones and the formation of male genitals
Infants of women older than 35 years have a higher risk
Exposure to chemicals during pregnancy can lead to Hypospadias of the infants

Hypospadias causesHypospadias is a condition present at the time of birth. As such Hypospadias causes can be traced to hormone stimulation of the infant or several factors related to the mother of the infant. The causes could be:

Genetic disorder
Women with a family history of Hypospadias are at a higher risk of giving birth to infants with Hypospadias
Hormonal changes during pregnancy can lead to Hypospadias of the infant
Exposure to industrial chemicals, pesticides, etc during pregnancy can lead to Hypospadias of the infant

How is Hypospadias diagnosed?Hypospadias diagnosis is don’t by the doctor right at the time of the birth of the baby. Usually, a physical examination is enough for the doctors to understand the condition, but in rare cases, certain advanced tests are undertaken.

Physical Examination: A specialized genital and urinary conditions surgeon or a Pediatric Urologist conducts a Physical Examination of the infant penis to diagnose Hypospadias
Extensive examination: Often the testicles arent felt during the physical examination and the urethra appears abnormal, multidisciplinary teams are recommended for advanced study and diagnosis.

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